If you’re doing a botanical illustration of a cluster of fruit, the first thing to do is figure out how to tackle one lone berry. In this case, it’s the beautiful bright orange Rowan berry that’s under the spotlight.
I have a Rowan, or Mountain ash tree in my garden. Not only do the clusters of blazing orange berries look stunning long into autumn, but they provide a vital food supply for the garden birds. They also give me something colourful to illustrate in the depths of winter.
Drawing the Rowan berry
First, draw a cluster of berries. I use a Pentel P205 mechanical pencil, H lead. This is because it never needs you to break from drawing to sharpen it, just snap the lead to a crisp edge by pushing against the page.
Keep the drawing simple. No lights or darks, just a simple and accurate representation of the shapes of your clutch of rowan berries.
Beneath this study, I also draw one single berry. I’ll be focused on this lone rowan berry, then using the approach used on the single fruit to add colour to all the berries in the drawing.
Mixing your dark oranges
Unconventionally, I start by plotting in areas of dark. This helps me understand the shape of what I’m painting. Lots of people using watercolour start very light and take their paintings gradually darker and darker; it’s an approach which works well. However, I’ve always painted this way and even thought I’ve tried to change my ways, it’s easier for me to start out with those shadows.
The colour I mixed is cadmium orange light mixed with a little crimson. This adds a darker red kick to the orange of the berry. I look for distinct shapes in the darker areas, and plot them in.
It’s vital to leave lots of white. Not only will these spaces provide you with highlights and shine, but you’ll be using them to work into gradations of colour between the dark orange and the shining white highlights. Give yourself space to manoevre!
Look out for shine on the bulk of the berry, but also on the bottom of the curve. Adding this light area helps describe the spherical shape.
Between all these steps, be sure you leave time for the paint to dry fully, or your layers of shade will all merge into one atonal muddy mess.
I always use a Winsor and Newton Series 7 paintbrush (in this case a number 1). Winsor and Newton watercolour pans fill my paintbox, (although I’m currently experimenting with Daniel Smith watercolour trial dot cards too.)
Plotting in the mid tones
Next, you need to work into the bulk of the berry. You need to keep the highlights white, but show a gentle change between the shadows and these light regions. Mix a lighter orange. I used cadmium orange light with less red added. Lay this on top of the painted area, and overlap the edges a little, into the white zone.
I also dilute the mix with water as I move into the paler regions of the berry. This is why the orange looks a little yellower there.
Repeat the action, but this time with a paler hue. I mix some cadmium yellow light in with cadmium orange, and add some water to keep it bright and light.
Unfortunately the photo is a little out of focus, but I hope you can see how using the paint in an ever more dilute mix gives the suggestion of the colour brightening toward the highlights.
Always keep looking at the berry you’re illustrating. You’ll only get the tonality right by referring to it endlessly.
Working into your darks and finishing your lights
The final step with the highlights is to unite the colour of the berry without swallowing the highlights. A very dilute yellow provides the perfect colour. Apply it over the entire berry, except for your most startling highlights. If you look at the bottom curve of the rowan berry below, you cn see that the white has been entirely covered with the yellow wash. It still provides visual information that tells us the berry is round, but it no longer pulls the eye from the highlight at the centre of the rowan berry.
Now you’ve sorted out the shine, you can look at the darks and shadows again. I always come back to these areas and take them a couple fo steps deeper and darker. In this case I mix up a deep crimson from cadmium orange dark, alizarin crimson, and a touch of purple.
Be careful adding these super-darks. You don’t want them to swallow the whole rowan berry, just to add a bit of a “pop”.
You can see that the darks have been added at the very bottom of the fruit, and a touch in the dark area on the right, below the shine. Another touch goes below the stalk and a final bit just on the left hand curve.
Colours used
Here is a colour swatch of the mixes I used. The top purplish crimson was the final darkest darks. Next colour down was the first painting I did, the initial plotting of shadows and shapes. The second, paler orange was used for the midtones. The bright yellow was applied across the whole berry, except for the brightest highlights. In lighter areas it was diluted with lots of water.
For a step by step on painting blackberries, sloes, and hawthorn berries, please follow the links. For all my botanical illustration step by step blogs click here, and for a whole gallery of my sketchbook studies, please click here.
Applying this technique to the whole cluster of berries
Now you’ve figured out your approach and palette, you can apply it across the whole sketchbook study.
You also need to think about how the proximity of berries and leaves interplay. One berry will cast a shadow onto the rowan berry below it. A leaf may cast a shadow over the whole lot. Keep looking at your specimen as you untangle this interplay of dark and light.
And here’s the finished study:
I used this as a base for a teaching session, and filmed some of it in real time (see below). If you’d like a simplified version of this blog, as a printable A4 sheet, please check out my Pinterest post.
I hope this explanation of how you can use a study of one lone rowan berry as a starting point for a seemingly complicated sketch might be helpful. As with everything to do with drawing and painting, it all boils down to looking, and taking things slowly, step by step.
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